Skip to menu Skip to content Skip to footer. Site search Search. Site search Search Menu. Axons: the cable transmission of neurons. Home The Brain Brain anatomy. Axons and nerve degeneration Neurons cannot properly communicate if axons are damaged or broken.
Image: istock. The difference between dendrites and axons is that the former is the receptor while the latter is the transmitter. When neuron to neuron connections are made at a site, it is known as synapses. The information in a neuron is carried from the first neuron called the presynaptic neuron to the target neuron called the postsynaptic neuron.
Let us take a look at the factors that shows the difference between axon and dendron. Place of origin. It originates from the discharging end of the neuron. It originates from the receiving end of the neuron. There is only one axon for a single nerve cell. There are several dendrites present in a nerve cell.
It is a long tail-tail structure. It is a short fibrous roots-like structure. It has a uniform thickness throughout the length. It has a tapering end with root-like branches. Synaptic Knots. The terminal branches of the axon develop an enlarged synaptic knot.
Neurons can also be classified by the direction that they send information. Sensory or afferent neurons: send information from sensory receptors e. Motor or efferent neurons: send information AWAY from the central nervous system to muscles or glands. Interneurons: send information between sensory neurons and motor neurons.
Most interneurons are located in the central nervous system. Hear It "Neuron" "Axon" "Dendrite" "Nissl" "Mitochondria" "Endoplasmic reticulum" There are several differences between axons and dendrites: Axons Dendrites Take information away from the cell body Smooth Surface Generally only 1 axon per cell No ribosomes Can have myelin Branch further from the cell body Bring information to the cell body Rough Surface dendritic spines Usually many dendrites per cell Have ribosomes No myelin insulation Branch near the cell body What is inside of a neuron?
Nucleus - contains genetic material chromosomes including information for cell development and synthesis of proteins necessary for cell maintenance and survival. Covered by a membrane. Nucleolus - produces ribosomes necessary for translation of genetic information into proteins Nissl Bodies - groups of ribosomes used for protein synthesis.
Endoplasmic reticulum ER - system of tubes for transport of materials within cytoplasm. Can have ribosomes rough ER or no ribosomes smooth ER. With ribosomes, the ER is important for protein synthesis. Golgi Apparatus - membrane-bound structure important in packaging peptides and proteins including neurotransmitters into vesicles. Mitochondria - produce energy to fuel cellular activities. Happy st Birthday to the Golgi apparatus! The dendrites are tiny projections of the cell body.
They pick signals from the other cells. The axon is a long, thin fiber extended from the cell body. The branches of the axon at its terminal are the synaptic knobs. Most axons are wrapped with a fatty myelin sheath produced by Schwann cells.
The small gaps within the myelin sheath are called the nodes of Ranvier. The structure of a typical nerve cell is shown in figure 3.
Figure 3: A Typical Neuron. Nerve: A nerve is a whitish fiber of neuron cells which carry impulses to the central nervous system and from the central nervous system to the effector organs. Neuron: A neuron is a specialized cell involved in transmitting nerve impulses. Nerve: Nerves are found only in the peripheral nervous system.
Neuron: Neurons are found in both peripheral and central nervous systems. Nerve: A large number of nerve fibers are grouped together to form a nerve along with blood vessels and lymphatics. Neuron: A neuron is composed of an axon, cell body, and dendrites. Nerve: The nerve acts a conducting zone for transporting signals.
Neuron: The chemical and electronic signals are generated in the neuron. Nerve: Cranial nerves, spinal nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves are the types of nerves in the body. Neuron: Sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons are the types of neurons in the body.
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