In plague broke out in the city. In Empress Catherine the Great visited Kaluga and later in made it the centre of the newly established Kaluga Viceroyalty. A regulated city plan was also adopted for Kaluga and stone buildings were constructed which in turn led to the city's industrial growth.
Kaluga played an important role during Napoleon's Invasion of Russia in The city served as one of Russia's largest supply bases. Napoleon hoped to capture Kaluga and its supplies on his retreat from Moscow. In the scientist Konstantin Tsiolkovsky moved to Kaluga and continued there his research into cosmonautics and rocketry.
Tsiolkovsky lived with his family as somewhat of a recluse on the outskirts of the city until his death in Although by the end of his life the importance of Tsiolkovsky's work was recognised, it was only after his death that Tsiolkovsky was deemed the founding father of theoretical cosmonautics when his work inspired Sergey Korolev, the lead engineer and designer during the Soviet Space Race. The founding date of Kaluga is not known, but it is some time in the first part of the fourteenth century.
The first written mention of Kaluga was in It was then a small fortress of the Moscow state. Kaluga is known first of all because of Konstantin Tsiolkovsky the Russian space program founder. He was living and working in Kaluga in That's why the city is often called the cradle of the Russian space exploration. The city has a Space Museum — the world's first and largest museum in Russia about space exploration.
It was created with the direct participation of Sergei Korolev and Yuri Gagarin. Shishkin, V. Polenov, V. Vasnetsov, V. Surikov, I. Levitan, I. Aivazovsky, and other famous artists. Much attention is paid to local painters. The works of foreign artists created in Russia are separately exhibited. There is also a collection of Western European graphics here.
Lenina Street, Gostinyy Dvor - an architectural complex built in the classical style with decorative elements of old Russian architecture and occupying a whole block in the center of the city.
In general, this bright red building is one of the most picturesque buildings in Kaluga and has the status of a monument of federal significance. Pushkina Street, Grigorov Lane, 9. The Central Park of Culture and Rest - one of the favorite places for walking and entertainment among residents and visitors of Kaluga located in the historic center of the city.
In the central part of the park you can see the Holy Trinity Cathedral in the architecture of which elements of Italian and Byzantine architecture are intertwined. The park has an observation deck with a magnificent view of the Oka River and the surrounding area. Staryy Torg Square, 4. The Stone Bridge over the Berezuevsky Ravine - one of the most interesting architectural objects of Kaluga built in the style of Russian classicism in , the oldest stone viaduct in Russia. This is an object of cultural heritage of the peoples of Russia of federal significance.
Pushkin Street. The building was named after the first owner - Kaluga merchant Kirill Ivanovich Korobov. Plekhanova Street, Kirova Street - the central street of Kaluga with its main attractions and picturesque historical buildings. Today, former mansions are occupied by offices, shops, restaurants, and galleries. I am originally from Kaluga. It is a nice city with a lot of places to visit and very interesting history of the city and the architecture.
During the summer, the sky is always blue with bright white clouds, which makes for excellent photography!! Food is extremely affordable and there are snack stands or supermarkets on every corner. For the American, unfortunately, there is no such thing sold as iced or cold coffee, like a Dunkin Donuts.
They don't even have iced coffee in the McDonald's there. But other than that, everything is great. I wouldn't do any clothes or shoes shopping as most of it is brought from China and is very low quality or is counterfeit. Rate this page: Currently 2. Visit Our Blog about Russia to know more about Russian sights, history Check out our Russian cities and regions guides Follow us on Twitter and Facebook to better understand Russia Info about getting Russian visa , the main airports , how to rent an apartment Our Expert answers your questions about Russia, some tips about sending flowers.
The first mention of towns on the territory of the present Kaluga region appeared in the 12th century: Kozelsk , Serensk , Vorotynsk , Mosalsk In the 14th century, this region was a place of constant confrontation between Lithuania and Moscow.
Kaluga was founded as a border fortress to protect the Moscow principality against the attacks of Lithuania. As a result, the Mongol-Tatar yoke ended in the north and north-east of Russia and Russian state became fully independent. July 5, , Kaluga oblast was formed.
It included 27 districts of Smolensk, Orel and Tula regions. Kaluga oblast is located in the central part of the East European Plain. Most of the area is occupied by plains, fields and forests with diverse flora and fauna. The climate is temperate continental with distinct seasons: summers are moderately hot and humid, winters are moderately cold with permanent snow. The average temperature in July is about plus 18 degrees Celsius, in January - minus 9 degrees Celsius.
The warm period with temperatures above zero lasts days. The largest cities and towns are Kaluga , , Obninsk , , Ludinovo 39, , Kirov 31, , Maloyaroslavets 28, , Balabanovo 25, It is one of the most economically developed Russian regions.
0コメント