The humanist insistence on an autonomous, willful human subject capable of acting independently in the world was based on a very particular type of human.
Human civilization had been forged in the image of the male, white, well-off, educated human. Humanism installed only some humans at the centre of the universe. For Aristotle , writing in the 4th century B. And it is a characteristic of man that he alone has any sense of good and evil, or just and unjust, and the like, and the association of living beings who have this sense makes a family and a state.
Nature which acts in them according to the disposition of their organs, as one sees that a clock, which is made up of only wheels and springs can count the hours and measure time more exactly than we can with all our art.
In The Descent of Man , Darwin reflected:. The difference in mind between man and the higher animals, great as it is, is certainly one of degree and not of kind. We have seen that the senses and intuitions, the various emotions and faculties, such as love, memory, attention, curiosity, imitation, reason, etc.
In the s, Bertrand Lloyd , who penned Humanitarianism and Freedom , observed a difficult paradox of any definition:. Deny reason to animals, and you must equally deny it to infants; affirm the existence of an immortal soul in your baby or yourself, and you must at least have the grace to allow something of the kind to your dog. Join our community to access the latest language learning and assessment tips from Oxford University Press!
Find out which words work together and produce more natural sounding English with the Oxford Collocations Dictionary app. Toggle navigation. Resources home Text Checker. Resources Resources home Text Checker. English American English. Humala Tasso. Accessed 11 Nov.
Nglish: Translation of human for Spanish Speakers. Britannica English: Translation of human for Arabic Speakers. Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced search—ad free!
Log in Sign Up. Save Word. Essential Meaning of human. I once thought that he was perfect, but now I know that he's all too human. Full Definition of human Entry 1 of 2. Definition of human Entry 2 of 2. Examples of human in a Sentence Adjective problems that have occurred throughout human history She is a very kind and human person. The dog's expression was almost human. The assembly line was a human machine. Everyone held hands and formed a human chain. Noun humans are the only mammals not endowed with a natural defense against the elements, such as fur or a thick hide.
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